The conflicts of interests within the objectives of minimum capital Essay

The conflicts of interests within the objectives of minimum capital maintenance according to the european corporate law - Essay Example And the conflicts may also relate to several organizational issues, including the maintenance of the minimum capital according to the corporate legislations prevalent in the European Continent. This note presents a review of the possible conflicts, reasons for the occurrence of them together with an evaluation thereof. It has often been contended that the provisions of the various European Company Law legislations that deal with the share capital of the companies have been formed solely with the object of protecting the rights of one class of the external stakeholders namely the ‘creditors’. The need to protect the creditors from the improper use of the ‘doctrine of limited liability’ by the shareholders had been felt for quite a long time even since the time of Salmon v Salmon case that is being quoted quite often in connection with the ‘corporate veil’ of the companies. â€Å"A common rationalization of the share capital provisions is that they protect corporate creditors from the abuse of the limited liability by shareholders† (John Armour 2000) The room for such conflicts between the rights of the shareholders and the protection of the interests of the creditors had always been there in the development of corporate culture over the periods In spite of the presence of various of various company and insolvency law regulations, such conflicts endure over time and it had also necessitated a periodic review of the various company law provisions governing the shareholders’ rights. An article by Asian Development Bank (ADB) Institute opines that â€Å"the typical corporate governance framework views shareholders as the principal, and the objective of the management of a corporation is to maximize the interests of the shareholders.† The law and practices pertaining to the shareholders’ rights do not vary much between countries as they have the common interest of maximizing the interest

Ph conductivity lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ph conductivity - Lab Report Example The colour change in observed in each of the solutions was recorded and later used to determine if the solutions were either basic or acidic. From the experiment on PH, it was observed that despite the different outputs of the indicators the colours and digital signatures tally with standard conventions even when verified against an electronic PH probe. Conductivity measurement can be utilized in the surveillance of purity of feed water, quality control of drinking water and process water. It estimates the total number of ions in a solution or directly measures the constituents of the sample. Conductivity instrumentation is highly reliable, low cost and very sensitive (Gray, 2006 p.1). The conductivity of water provides information on its chemical composition as it is directly linked to the concentration of ions and their mobility (Dalmas, n.d, p. 1). From figure 1, it is observed that as the concentration of ions in a solution increases so does the conductivity. Conductivity measurements are based upon the Measurement of electric current flowing between parallel plates of fixed size and fixed separation distance (leveling, 2002. P. 1). Electrical conductivity is dependent on the PH, temperature and dissolved carbon dioxide. Conductivity can either be intrinsic or extraneous. It has been reported that soil solutions presenting high concentrations of sodium chloride with electrical conductivity of between 6 to 10 mmho/cm can be associated with a 50% decline in rice yield and in addition high PH of alkaline soils induces zinc deficiency (Breemen and Moorman, p.121). pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of the solution and is measured by determination of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) or hydroxyl ions (OH-) present in the solution. The assembly of a pH meter comprises of a pH sensitive electrode that is commonly made of glass, a reference electrode, and a temperature element that